Burning of liquid fuel in boiler and other furnaces or heating apparatus



July 13 1926. 1,592,424

. (5. CEIEHPC) BURNING 0F LIQUID FUEL IN BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES 0RHEATING APPARATUS Filed July 6, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 II III. IlllllJuly 13, 1926. v 1,592,424

G. GIDINO BURNING OF LIQUID FUEL IN BOILER ANU OTHER FURNACES 0R HEATINGAPPARATUS Filed July 6, 1922 A 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 13 ,1926. 1,592,424

G. GIDINO BURNING OF LZ IQUID FUEL IN BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES 0RHEATING APPARATUS Filed July 6, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet :5

\mmnuumunn part ofiastoker or other person so as thereg F eiee Ju y l1iaUNITED STAT-EST ZFATE T -0FFIE.

Ii'IsEPPE meme, or 'rnnnme'roim Eiietii'iin.

BURNING 0F mourn rum,

deficient "in quantity or in excess. *A 'rur-l ther i difficulty ineliiecting the complete combustion'ofliquicl' fuel under thebonditi'onsmentioned,arisefrbm'tlie fact that different kincls'ofliquid fuel, bothcrude we more or' less refineclg-require different amounts of ail to*elfect their complete Combustion, Whilstvariation inatmosphericconditions also produce variation in the eflieieney of theairsupplied. As a result, liquid'fuel i-seitherwvasted', or thetemperature of chombustionis notso' 'higlr-as itivoulcl be if only theexact amount of air necessary for con mete-"combustion of the fuel wereused. we Now the present invention hasi'or its obfject toenable-liquidfuel and air t0'be"miXe d in' the exact proportions""necessary*fdi thecomplete combustion of thefliquicl fuel \vliatevermay'beits nature; theexact proportions when' once fixed "for thefparticulari kind of liquid"fuelflt'o'be used, being maintained constant ith-out further"attentionon the theicontrol." w

Forthis purpose, theliquicl fuelancl air are" admitted sucoessively by'fmechanically operated controlling lnerirsy'inth exaet relativeproportions necessary to efli'eet the complete eom'bustion' ofthe liquidfuel',"to "a mixing Ch'ambe'r*- wherein "they are intimately mixed andfrom which the resulting combustible mixture is" delivered into thecombustion chamber or a ste'ani generator or other furnace or placewherein combustion of themixture 'isto take'plaee fo'risteam generatingor "otherpu'rpose" 1 The 'liqu" l 'fueland air are athn'itted to themixing chamber successively, in the re (lubed proportions, throughseparate after to eliminate -he personal e'le m'e1f1t. in

BQELEEAND AFPARATUS.

"'App'l'ietion filed filly elitism; "serene, 5?

prime, evenness o1; HEATING that a re opened etat1esedeuemate1y bymechanical mean tl'ie'liquicl' 'fuel and air' ecapamefeffse aratecontrol to suit re- 'quirement? TUs ualljyihe liquid fuel inlet wine-eopened and closed before the air Vii1- let is dpenec'l and Closed; Inthis case, when the liquith fuel ciucle' or; 0i l dijs,- tributin'gmeans may iiro'yic letl Within the mixin chamber for eausingitteassmi1easiibclivitlecl or filiif fo rm sgithat irhen the aii f'ivhieh i's (lelirerecl unclei afsuitalble pres- ,s'ur; liiters fthe min ture eliamber,it can reaeilj atomi'ze' the l fuel and become 1 eimately mixed;therewith? To aid in effecting 'intimateanixture of the and liquid fuel,the mlxin ehambermay advane 1 -r-.-.n 1 I tltgeou sly'be of elongatecloval shape n longitudinal" section and "the air caused so to fenter'fthestile" chamber at lhneieiid thereofthat it will i iip'ingeat angletgiast the inner surfaee or the Chamber and iiicoohet the chamber; theintimate mixture ofliquicl fuel and air thus producedbeing deliveredthrough anoutl'et or nozzle at the opposite end of the ohamben The"liquid fluid may enter the'ehambei I by graa ity,

Whilst the "air may delivered into the chainbeiy' ungler onstantpressure, from a pump; I or ffro ii a compressed air storage chamber,the 'size of theliqiiid, fuel inlet and itscluration of openin'g, andthe size; of the air inlet, its duifation'of opening and the pressure ofthefaijr being s'uchftliat the amount of liquid fuel and 'airoadmittedto themixing chamber at e'ach opera tion of the liquid'fuel and airmixing apparatus will a such as to attain {the hereinbefoi'eflescribetl" obj'e't' offthe mention; Or .the liquid fuel'may be sprayedinto' the mixing chamber un'cler pressur eby a suitable. atomizi'ngnozzle and thenbutbff, afterflwhich the air is forcecl into the chamber.and the mixture of liqu d fuel and: air deli eretl through the chambermuster nozzle Ineach ease; theproclution of an intimate n'li'xtu'reot'liquicl fuel and airis efi'ectedin aj col'lstantly re'curri'ng'fmanner at a rate lcl ependent upon the rate at which the meehauica'l lyoperated controlling means are Worked. Themrxtu e on entering the,combustion chamber of a furn'aee is' ignited-automath Cally any suitablemenses 01: instanee by a c oiistantly burning 'jet of gasof liquid fuelat the oulet or no tle end of the mixing chamber, or by an. lung deviceof known kind comprising spongy platinum. If the charges of combustiblemixture be projected into a combustion chamber containing burning coal,as may be the case, the combustible charges will be ignited thereby.

In order that a continuous jet of combustible mixture may be projectedinto the combustion chamber and a continuous flame be thereby producedby its combustion, a number of mixing chan'ibe-rs each with its liquidfuel and compressed air inlets and mechanically operated controllingmeans, may be grouped ther and the production oi? the combustiblemixture in the several mixing chambers be so timed as to talce placesuccessively in such. manner that the discharge of combustible mixturefrom each chamber will take place before or at the termination of thedischarge oi combustible mixture from a preceding mixing chamber. Insuch an arrangement the several mixing chambers may conveniently begrouped around a. centre common to them. Each of the mixing chann bersmay be provided with its own delivery nozzle, or the outlets from theseveral mixing chambers may have. a delivery nozzle common to them. I

The mixing chamber, or each mixing chamber when several are used, mayconsist of an elongated hollow body mounted to oscillate within astationary casing and be formed with separate liquid fuel and air inletports arranged to oscillate past liquid fuel and air inlet ports formedin the stationary casing and with whi h liquid fuel and compressed airsupply pipes communi cate, the oscillatinghollow body thus 'i'orn ing acombined liquid fuel and air control valve. The oscillating hollow bodymay be constantly operated in any convenient way. Or the mixingchan'iber may be stationary and the admission of liquid fuel and airthereto be controlled by separate mechanically operated valves. Theliquid fuel and air supply pipes are each provided with a control valvewhereby the amount of liquid fuel and air delivered to the mixingchamber at each oscillation thereof can be varied to suit the ditl'erentqualities of liquid fuel used from time to time. Separate cut oil'valves may be used to stop the supply of liquid "fuel and air when theapparatus is to be put out of use.

The liquid fuel when it is of a crude and heavy nature should be heatedto a suit-able temperature to render it sulliciently liquid beforepassing into the mixing chamber. The air should also be heated.Satisfactory resul have been attained when the liquid fuel and air haveeach been heated to a temperature of about 220 to 240 F. As the air isheated and supplied in a practically dry condition under constantpressure, the quan tity thereof required tor ellecting the completecombustion of any par icular quality of liquid fuel after being oncedetermined, will not need to be varied by the stoker or ther person byreason oi" change in external climatic conditions but only, it may be,when liquid fuel of a ditierent quality is to be used In some cases, themixing chamber, may be of such a capacity that it can be used to supplyseveral burners or nozzles with an intimate and regulated mixture ofliquid tool and air. in this case the mixing chamber may be connectedthrough valve controlled pipes to discharge nozzles or burners arrangedat a distance from the mixing chamber and to deliver the mixture ofliquid fuel and air into one or more 'lurnaces.

Apparatus adapted to produce an intimate mixture of liquid l'uel and airin predetermined proportions, as and for the purpose hereiubefore setforth, can be constructed in various terms.

ln the accompanying; illustrative drawings. 5. 1 shows in longitudinalvertical Si(tl(lll and E2 in end elevation, one construction oi suchapparatus comprising a single mixing chamber. Figs. 3 and 4 are crossections on the line 3-3 anrl i -4; respectively of 1. Fig. 5 shows inlongitudinal section part of a. modilied construction. Fig. 6 showspartly in longitudinal section and partly in side elevation and Fi l inend elevation, a further modified const notion of apparatus wherein a.number ol 1g chambers of the kind shown in Fig. 1 are grouped togetherfor the purpose here inhetorc explained.

Referring to Figs. 1 to l inclusive, 6; is a mixing chamber of elongatedoval shape in longitudinal section formed in an externally cylindricalbody I) mounted to oscillate in av stationary casing c. The body 7)formed with an outlet port (5 arranged to oscillate past a largercircular inlet port 6 formed in the casing 0 in line with a passage j ina branch 9 to which is secured the outlet end of a liquid fuel supplypipe 71 provided with a control valve 2' and a. stop valve i The body 7)is also formed with an inlet port m arranged to oscillate past a port a.termed in the casing 0 in line with a hole 0 in a branch p to which isconnected a. compressed air supply pipe 1 provided with a control valves and a stop valve 8 The port m communicates with a passage t that isinclined towards the bottom of the mixing chamber a so that the enteringair will be directed at an angle to and against the bottom of thechan'ibers for the purpose hereinbci ore stated. The passage t mayhowever be arranged to direct the entering air at an angle against anyother part of the inner surface of the mixture chamber if desired. Thebody I) is held in position longitudiinilly between a mixture outletnozzle u and a cap n screwed into opposite ends you lltl

. ..1,5e2,424 I l,

of the casing '0 as i shown, taefithm with aflspindle'w that extendsthrough a stuflingbox min theoapw; To the 'outlet nozzle 10: secured? a.deliyeryl nozzleiu The outer end of the spindlew 1s PIOYldGCl with alever: arm 1' provided, with a [roller 2that is he ld, as bywa spring 3,against a c'amg l, carried by a spindle 5 anda'otated'by gearing'fi forthe purpose of oscillating the body E6." Packing7 may .be arranged"befrom the latter port to the liquid fuel inlet port 6. The packing maybein; the form of aring compressediinplace in a recess 8 in the casingbya ring "Ttrand the screw cap 0, the"i-ing= 7 being formed with a hole9 that isconstantlyiin communication. with 'theair inlet port n; 1 i

Xing chamber a, opposite, the liqu'idffuel inlet port at, is aliquid-fuel, distributing device. for causing the liquid fuel to assumeasubdivided or film form. In' the [example showniin Fig. 1, the dis-ftributin'g device comprises, a number of Within the mi [Wu-e 10 arrangedat an angle tothe verone" below the 'other, so: that liquid ifueladmitted through. the inlet port d will, fall" upon and'cover themrzwithafilm; of l iquid 1 which -willfirstniove along themin the direction ofthe arrowrwy, when the sleeve is i in theposition shown'in-Fig. 3, andafterwards in the opposite direction when the oscillating body is movedinthe direction of the arrow 2 to cause them to become in% [clined inthelop'posite direction as shown in the oscillating body b'has beenjmm dby the rotatin cam- 4 intofthe position shown in Fig. -3 =liquid fuel;will enter the mixing The arrangement "is such Y that assuming thefurnace with" which the i is combined' and wherein it w'vill be igm'tedand' burnt, forming an elongated flame. i l

"Satisfactory"results have been obtained iv'tha mixing chamber havingadiameter of about one and quarter inches, a movable liquid fuel inletport (1 ofab'outaono: eighthbf an inch in diameter,-moving pastiastationa'ry port-e of about one quarter of-an inchin diameter andmo'vabie compressed :aiuinlet port'ujand passage If each of about threesixtcenthsfof anin chin diameter, the diameter of the outlet passage 46in the nozzle'gubeing 'inc'h'f The liquid fuel may simply fall from? thesupply pipe hthroughthe ports 'aand a t with practically no morcvpressure than is 'necess'ary'to cause it to how; is s. z; I 'In' themodified arrangements shown in 'Fi' 5, liquid fuel iadmitted=to themixing cl mber a w thnf a stat onarymbody o [thiouglran in'let 'p'oi dof slot shape formed li'n'an" oscillatingfdiscval ve lliprovided with aspindle 12' and held tightly by :a spring 13 against a stationary seat14L formedwwith a port 15 in communicationwith thezliquid fuel supplypipe lf- Thevalveis suitably oscillated by'alleveri arm 16'on itsspindle 12, Jas'fby 'ca njo'r lev er inechanism of any s con- "venlentconstruct on, adaptedto admitof the extent of oscillation of theva lvebein'g adjusted to suit requirement. Thevalve 11 is "located within arecess 17 that is formed in "the base of screwplug-18 and'isin con-'stant communication with the mixing chamjbeijathrough a hole 19 in thebody bu Compressed air is admitted to the passaget in the may 6 byasimilar oscillating disc valve Y 20 formed with'al spindle- 21 and slotshaped liil'let'pQltfiit and held by 'a spring 22 against ia 'ffixedseat23 having a port-2 k therein in communication with the compressedair. supchamber a througlrthe. inlet ports a? and. 6 .p'ly'pipe r, thevalve being suitably oscillated for ashort time and fall'uponand flowover the; distributing :device 10, thelsupply of" out ofltl Upon thebodyvb being turned into the'position shownin Eiggfl the supply ofliquid fuel throughxtheinlet port cl will; g I have been cut off and theair inlet port mi,liquid"fueliirlettlh in the bodyob will havezbeenbrought oppositet-he compres'sedfair inlet port 7? so that compressedair will enter themixing cha nber' a, come into contact with the bottomthereof andbe deflected upward through the group of wires 10 so asto'con e into efi'eo iyefcontact withi-the fil insg of liquid fuel "'thereon and atomize;.the ;,l uid r1191, j formthrough a lever arm 25, asby cam or. lever inechai'iism," similar to that l for oscillating theval 'e 11. In this example, the liquid fuel distributing device in 'themixing Cl18111- her '61 is constituted byga "coiled -metal strip 1,03'icon eniently of'co'rl: screw shape, ar-

ranged withitsupper end directly below the In the "modified arrangementshown in 3 Figs. 6and 7i'anumber of oscillating mixing fixed to thespindles w of the respective bodies 5, the arrangement being such thatan intimate mixture of liquid fuel and air will be produced in theseveral mixing chambers in consecutive order so that the stream ofcombustible mixture produced in each mixing chamber will be dischargedthrough its nozzle u before 0 at the termination of the discharge ofmixture from a preceding mixing chamber and enable a continuous flame tobe produced in a combustion chamber. Or, as hereinbefore described, theseveral, mixing chambers may deliver streams of mixed liquid fuel andair into a single delivery nozzle common to them.

A. drip pipe 27 may be provided at the front end of the nozzle M (Fig.1), or of each delivery nozzle, or of the delivery nozzle common to anumber of mixing chauibers, for the purpose of leading away, for reuse,any liquid fuel that may fail to become atomized by the air and becaught by the surface of the delivery nozzle, or each such nozzle, anddown which it will drain. The front end of the delivery nozzle or eachnozzle may advantageously be cut away to the curved shape shown and thedrip pipe 2? be connected to a. dished plate 28 secured to the bottom ofthe nozzle with its upper surface below the lower inner surface of the.nozzle, as shown.

What I claim is 1. A method of producing an intimate mixture of liquidfuel and air in the correct relative proportions necessary to effectcomplete combustion of the liquid fuel, in a steam boiler or otherfurnace or apparatus, said method consisting in causing the liquid fueland air successively to enter a mixing chamber at different partsthereof and in the said required relative proportions, the air beingcaused to impinge at an angle against the side of the chamber and bedeflected therefrom at an angle thereto and come into conta It with andatomize the liquid fuel, and delivering the resulting intimate mixtureof liquid fuel and air from the mixing chamber to the combustion chamberof the furnace or apparatus where it. is to be burnt and its heatutilized, substantially described.

52. For producing a mixture of liquid fuel and air. apparatus comprisinga mixing chamber having separate liquid fuel and air inlets and acontracted forward outlet, the air inlet being inclined to thelongitudinal axis of said chamber, means for supplying liquid fuel andcomprcsed air to said inlets and mechanically operated means adapted toopen and control communication between the mixing chamber and liquidfuel and compressed air supply means in an intermittent manner,substantially as described for the purpose set for.

For producing a mixture of liquid fuel and air in the correct relativeproportions necessary to effect complcte combustion of the liquid fuel,apparatus comprising an elongated mixing chamber closed at one end andhaving a mixture outlet at its opposite end and intermediate andseparate inlets for liquid fuel and air, the air inlet being arrangedbetween the liquid fuel inlet and the closed end of the chamber andinclined to the longitudinal axis of such chamber, means for supplyingliquid uel and compressed air to said mixing chamber, and means adapteddirectly and intermittently to control said liquid fuel inlet and airinlet and acting to admit air to the chamber after liquid fuel has beenadmitted thereto, substantially as described for the purpose set forth.

l. For producing a mixture of liquid fuel and air in the correctrelative proportions necessary to effect complete combustion of theliquid fuel, apparatus comprising an elongated mixing chamber closed atone end and having a mixture outlet at its opposite end and intermediateand separate inlets for liquid fuel and air, the air inlet beingarranged between the liquid fuel inlet and the closed end of the chamberand inclined to the longitudinal axis of said chamber, means forsupplying liquid fuel and compressed air to said mixing chamber, liquidfuel distributing means arranged within said chamber adj aceut to theliquid fuel inlet and over which admitted liquid fuel can spread, andmeans adapted directly and in termittently to control said liquid fuelinlet and air inlet and acting to admit air to the chamber after liquidfuel has been admitted thereto, suljistanlially as described for thepurposes set forth.

5. For producing a mixture of liquid fuel and air, apparatus comprisinga stationary casing having liquid fuel and compressed air inlet ports, ahollow cylindrical body mounted to oscillate in said casing and havingliquid fuel and compressed air inlets, the interior of said body forminga mixing chamber having a contracted outlet at its forward end, andmeans for oscillating said body, said body acting as a combined liquidfuel and compressed air admission and out off valve to admit air andliquid fuel successively to said mixing chamber.

('3. Apparatus according to claim 2. wherein the conmumication between"the interior of the mixing chamber and the liquid fuel and compressedair supply means is directly controlled by mechanically operated meansarranged between the interior of said chamber and the fuel and airsupply means and acting to admit liquid fuel and air successively tosaid chamb r, substantially as described.

7 Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the mixing chamber is arrangedborizon 8. Apparatus according to claim 2, where in the mixing chamberis made of elongated oval form in longitudinal section and thecompressed air inlet passage is arranged to deliver compressed air intoit in an inclined direction so that it will impinge upon the surfacethereof, substantially as described for the purpose setforth. i v

9. For producing a mixture of liquid fuel and air, apparatus comprisinga plurality of mixing chambers each having liquid fuel and air inletsarranged one in front of the other and a contracted outlet at itsforward end, means for supplying liquid fuel and compressed air to saidinlets, and mechanically operated means for admitting liquid fuel andcompressed liquid'fuel and air will be produced in and discharged fromthe successive mixing chamhere in consecutive order.

10. Apparatus according to claim 2, having a forwardly extending tubularmixture delivery nozzle extending from the contracted forward end of themixing Cl1Llflber, substantially as described for the purpose set forth.

11. Apparatus according to claim'2, having a forwardly extending mixturedeliver nozzle extending from the mixing chamber and a drip pipeconnected to the forward. end of said nozzle, substantially asdescribed. I 12-, Apparatus for producing a mixture of liquid fuel andair comprising a horizontal mixing chamber of elongated oval shape inlongitudinal section and having a contracted mixture outlet at itsforward end and separated liquid fuel and compressed ail-inlets at itsupper side, the air inlet being arranged behind the liquid fuel inletand inclined to the lower side of, the chamber,

air successively to each mixing chamber in turn so that a mixture oiscribed.

means adapted to supply liquid fuel'and compressed air directly to theliquid fuel and air inlets in definitely regulated proportions for thepurpose set forth, means acting to open and close communication-betweenthe means used for supplying liquid fuel and air and said liquid fueland air inlets successively and a burner nozzle extending from theoutlet of said chamberand adapted to direct flame resulting from theburning of the mixture of liquid fuel and air producedfin saidchamber.-, I

13; Apparatus for producing a mixture of liquid fuel and air, comprisinga stationary casing havinga liquid fuel and compressed air inlets at itsupper side, a hollow body mounted to oscillate in said oasingand havingliquid fuel and compressed air inlets at its'upper'sideadapted toregister with the corresponding inlets in said casing but at differenttimes, the interior of said body together with the, forward portion ofsaid casing being adapted to form a mixing chamber of elongated ovalshape in longi tudinal section and provided with a, con-l trac-tedoutlet at its forward end, a burner nozzle carried bysaid casing and incom' munication with the forward end of said chamber, liquid fuel andcompressed air supply pipes connected respectivelyto the liquid fuel andcompressed air inlets in-said casing, said air inlet being incommunication with an inlet passage inclined to the axis of saidchamber, and means for oscillating said body in said casing to open andclose said inlets in alternate order, substantially as de-' 14.Apparatus according to claim 13 wherein liquid fuel distributing meansare arranged within the mixing chamber below the liquid fuel inletthereto and in the path of air deflected from the side of said chamber,for the purpose set forth.

Signed at London, England,'this twenty third day of June 1922. 1

/ eUIsEPrE GIDINO,

